In Australia there are two other species of frogmouth. It would seem that Gnolum was an awesome “boogey man (or spirit)” who in anthropological terms may be seen as performing an important social control function prohibiting young boys from getting into mischief at night time. Hassell (1890’s) records the name of the tawny frogmouth as youanitch. What these views have in common is that they reflect the culturally ingrained and deep-seated fears held (even to this day) by senior Nyungar Elders relating to the destructive powers attributed to owls (or mopokes) in Nyungar culture. Traditionally associated with the dark totem, the owl was believed to be a totemic familiar of the ‘, This paper is based on ethno-historical sources and contemporary information provided by Nyungar Elders between 1990 and 2010. The Drawings By T.R. The boobook is sometimes referred to as the little brown owl owing to its mottled brown plumage (see Plates 1-3). Aboriginaldreamtime.net is the site for Cash Advance. Posted on 27 March, 2020 by Ivan. Myth of the Tawny Frogmouth 'Owl' By Deane Lewis, Bruce Marcot. Tawny Frogmouths are not great architects. If you try to do this you might stir up bad spirits.’. Thus the Western-based Linnaean system may be of limited usefulness when trying to understand traditional ornitho-taxonomy in Nyungar culture. The fact is, this bird is not an owl at all. The males are completely grey – a lovely ash colour, with the same fine patterning. It’s a warra [bad] bird. The ‘oom oom oom’ call of this native bird can be heard echoing throughout a range of habitats including heath, woodlands and urban areas. For example, Werness et al (2001: 306) point out: ‘Among many Native North Americans, the owl was especially closely tied to the shaman. Plant featured: Ironbark (eucalypt) Text only: Bin’nit 890Kb Tawny frogmouths are one of three species of Australian frogmouths. Tawny frogmouths are one of three species of Australian frogmouths. Our family Tawny was taken to a wildlife carer in Gisborne – and after a week or two, I travelled down to see if the bird was ready for release. This duality is a common theme portrayed in Nyungar mythology. The noiseless flight of the owl (made possible by a specialized aerodynamic wing feather structure which functions as an important evolutionary, nocturnal hunting device) no doubt appealed to these ‘clever men’ as it enabled them to find an agent or vehicle by which they could spy upon or surprise their victims while they were sleeping. The eye is yellow in both forms, and the wide, heavy bill is olive-grey to blackish. ‘It was like a spirit in the night and could do bad (warra) things to you.’. With mottled colouring resembling tree-bark, and rough feathers to mask its facial profile, this is a remarkable act of camouflage and the Tawny Frogmouth often goes unnoticed. All birds have a repertoire of sounds that they produce, depending on situational contexts, such as whether they are mating, breeding, feeding or feeling distressed. In fact, it was first runner-up in the Guardian/BirdLife Australia bird of the year poll (behind the endangered black-throated finch). When is an Owl not an Owl? This fear of owls and their assumed destructive powers is widespread throughout many cultures of the world. Prepared by Ken Macintyre and Barb Dobson. Stories such as this give us some idea of nature’s ability to find balance, as well as a new respect for the intelligence of animals — in this case crows. It is easy to identify the typical sound of the frogmouth, a repetitive “oom-oom-oom” from the sound of the boobook, variously interpreted as googoo or kuku (Nyungar), buc-buc, boobook (Sydney Aboriginal groups) or mopoak (mopoke). They were very scared.’, ‘I remember the “old people” telling us when we were kids that on still nights when they were sitting around the campfire, they would freeze in terror at the sound of the mopoke because that bird could see you, could hear you and could fly without making a sound. Today this harbinger of doom is known as the tawny frogmouth. Browne 1813. Please enjoy the following words and photos from Tanya. Such totems and “familiars” are both within and without the individual. The Tawny Frogmouth totem connects Mary to the Haddigaddi family; Mary’s maternal grandmother was Mariah Picalla, the daughter of … It is difficult to ascertain whether Hassell misunderstood her informants’ use of metaphor in trying to convey to her that Gnolum’s totem was a “familiar” or “assistant” which gave him enhanced powers of strong vision, acute hearing and noiseless flight in the night – attributes which are associated with his totem. The general plumage of the Tawny Frogmouth is silver-grey, slightly paler below, streaked and mottled with black and rufous. Feb 5, 2012 - Find Cash Advance, Debt Consolidation and more at Aboriginaldreamtime.net. According to Douglas (1976: 67), the fear of nyurlam is used to prevent children from eating the sticky gum and climbing the brittle branches of the Nuytsia floribunda (Christmas tree). These terms are described below: ‘The night bird, which the settlers call the cuckoo, (and the natives “gogoomit” or “woroongul,” (Armstrong 1836 in Green 1979: 188), ‘goo-goo-mit – a species of bird, the note of which resembles that of a cuckoo’ (Grey 1840: 43), ‘gugumit – A small brown owl, the note of which resembles the cuckoo when heard at a distance.’ (Moore 1842: 30), ‘gurgurda – Strix. Tawny Frogmouths capture their prey – mice, frogs, and insects with their beaks. In fact, it was first runner-up in the Guardian/BirdLife Australia bird of the year poll (behind the endangered black-throated finch). Every single Tawny is sooo precious…. They are found across the mainland and in Tasmania. ‘There’s an old story that my grandmother used to tell me that certain boylya men can turn into owls and if someone broke the law or did something bad, the owl would come and get you at night while you were sleeping, and put a yumpa [magic curse] on you. Hassell’s (1934, 1935, 1936, 1975) work demonstrates how totemism involving the mopoke was not only restricted to the human realm but also existed among supernatural ghosts and demons, known as jannock or janga. The following organisations and agencies provide assistance towards Connecting Country's activities, Restoring landscapes across the Mount Alexander Region. These jannock were sometimes believed to have totems which were “familiar” in nature and which gave the spirit (at least in the case of Gnolum as described by Hassell) enhanced nocturnal powers for seeking out those young males who dared to wander away from their campfires at night. Tawny Frogmouths are often confused with owls, but are actually more closely related to the nightjars (photo by Tanya Loos). When it is a Tawny Frogmouth! Read about WIRES native animal rescue and care stories and updates on WIRES work with wildlife. Common where they occur, chances are you’ve picnicked under a tree concealing a Tawny Frogmouth or two! which is described as: ‘a very tall, thin spirit or jannock with a long thin beard. Nephew and Mum had seen a bird on the road in Hepburn – an owl they thought, that wasn’t flying away. The question I am most frequently asked is ‘I have found a bird that seems to be hurt – what should I do?’ It is always the same answer – capture the bird using a tea towel or towel, and place into an appropriately sized cardboard box. Mary Kathleen Duroux (nee Hookwin) was born in Bega in 1934. Interestingly, there are cultural parallels found outside Aboriginal Australia where owls are similarly associated with indigenous shamans or sorcerers. It fits neatly into Elkin’s category of “assistant totemism” which he distinguishes as follows: ‘In most parts of Australia, the medicine man stands in a special relation to one natural species, usually an animal or reptile which acts as his assistant, going forth either to work his will either for good or ill on the patient or victim, or to gather information from a distance. You think that people can’t see you in the dark, but the owl people can see you.’. A breeding pair often stays in the same territory for more than 10 years. The owl, named Dumby, played an important role in the creation story of the Aboriginal peoples of Australia’s Kimberley region. This totem is usually given by medicine-men and generally only to persons who are destined, or desire, to be magical practitioners….In southeastern Australia, at least, assistant totemism is akin to social totemism; the totemite does not eat his totem; indeed an injury to the latter will entail injury to him; and for its part, the totem assists and and guards the individual. The tawny frogmouth is one of Australia’s most-loved birds. Size: 400 x … FACT 3. ‘The one bird that Nyungahs fear is the goombagarri [mopoke]. It belongs to the genus Ninox or ‘hawk owls’ owing to its sharp-hooked beak and its characteristic hawk-like predatory behaviour. The term boobook (or bubuk, also buc-buc) derives from the Aboriginal language of the Sydney region (Troy 1994: 69). Aboriginal Heritage Study. currawong tawny frogmouth spiritual meaning: Animals abound in world mythology, it's thought that each animal represents a different aspect of human nature. Even if the name was known, it would not have been uttered outside of the ceremonial context for fear that it may call forth, or offend in some way, the totem spirit and potentially bring a negative effect upon the individual or group. For example, Ethel Hassell documented cubine (or coubourne, meaning ‘totem’) for mopoke and buitch (meaning ‘stone’) for what would appear to be the tawny frogmouth. The earliest Nyungar terms recorded for this owl are gogomat (Moore 1835), gugumit, (Armstrong 1836, Moore 1842:30), googoomit (Grey 1840:43) and gurgurda (Moore 1842: 33). They’re seldom found in arid regions or in dense rainforests. .. This little orphaned Owl was brought to us by someone who had found him all alone on the side of a … He was taken to hospital but the doctors said that there was nothing they could do to help him and that his parents should take him home to die. Get the best of Insurance or Free Credit Report, browse our section on Cell Phones or learn about Life Insurance. ‘ (Elkin 1948: 148-149). Most Tawny Frogmouths seem oblivious to their failings as builders, re-using the same nest (or what remains of it), year after year. Eskimo masks depict owl spirits; possibly the inua (animal other) of the shaman.’ (Werness et al 2001: 306). Another story which was told to us alluded to the same transformational powers of a ‘clever man’ and the mopoke as his “agent’. Tawny wasn’t ready then, but yesterday Lynda texted me saying that Tawny has made a full recovery and is now ready to go back to her Hepburn forest. During the day the Tawny Frogmouth sits in trees and, if approached, will sit quite still and poke its head to the sky, doing its level best to resemble a broken branch on the tree. The term mopoke generally nowadays only refers to the boobook owl, although historical sources have used the term mopoke to refer as well to the tawny frogmouth. ... Podargus strigoides ~ Tawny frogmouth. They believed that it was like a spirit in the night and could do bad things to you.’. We would like to thank the members of Birds Australia (Birdlife Australia) and Birdlife Western Australia who kindly provided photographs for this paper. Victoria Gully Group working bee. The next morning the young boy regained consciousness and began to talk and asked for some food. Wears no clothing except cubine feathers stuck all over the head.’ (Hassell quoted by Davidson 1935:277). A pair of Tawny Frogmouths, race "strigoides" , was found nesting right next to a house and roadside near Narrabri Lake in the 2010/11 and subsequent seasons until their nesting tree was removed. Tawny frogmouth. Culturally, the owl may be viewed as an agent of social control in that it is able to fly silently throughout the night, and aided by its powerful, penetrating night vision, is able to watch over people’s night time activities and then report back to the ‘clever man’ to whom it is considered a type of “familiar spirit” (Macintyre 1990 unpublished field notes). The notion of the owl as a winged “familiar” is important in Nyungar culture. The tawny frogmouth is one of Australia's most-loved birds. Members of the Nightjar family, Tawny Frogmouths are more closely related to Kingfishers than Owls. See https://anthropologyfromtheshed.com/aboriginal-sites-are-an-important-part-of-the-heritage-of-the-whole-community/. When the Nyungar Elders who were consulted about the ‘owl stone’ site at Red Hill were asked by anthropologists Macintyre and Dobson in 2008 and 2009 if they knew of any stories or myths about owls, they recounted a number of stories told to them in their childhood by parents and other relatives. Your email address will not be published. Thank you Tanya. The Southern Boobook Owl (Ninox novaeseelandiae), the smallest native owl in Australia, is known to Nyungar people as gogomat (or its variant renditions gogoomit, googoomit, gugumit, gugurda, kukumat or woroongul. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In fact such contradictions typically constitute the raw fabric of ethnographic analysis. It is often difficult to establish which species or genus of night birds the early settlers were recording because they were not trained ornithologists and the common names which they used (such as cuckoo owl, night cuckoo, night hawk, hawk goatsucker and mopoke) often lacked specificity. It’s our Tawny Frogmouth Mumma and her two chicks. >>> "jade welch" < > 11/04/02 08:58pm >>> Hi all, Once again i am interested in the aboriginal names of birds. Frogmouths have been around for a long time; genetic analysis suggests that the three genera within the frogmouth family diverged from one another between 30 and 40 million years ago. Our wildlife rescue van was called to Merrylands in the west of Sydney, where a bird was reported to be high in a tree entangled with rope. Usually it is a friend or local person – but a couple of weeks ago I got ‘the question’ via text from my teenage nephew! However, this story was different. Les Christidis, Southern Cross University. Their verbatim accounts, presented below, illustrate their culturally deep-seated fear of night birds, especially the owl or mopoke: ‘We Nyungars have always been frightened of owls because they are night birds and are associated with evil spirits. Cubine and buitch are emic descriptors (describing the bird’s significance from the insider’s viewpoint) rather than indicating species’ names. For some unknown reason the cart ran over the boy and as a result he was seriously injured. The Southern Boobook Owl and Tawny Frogmouth have a number of attributes and behaviours in common. Posted on January 16, 2016 by admin. Western Queensland, the Nullarbor Plain and the central Northern Territory are the only areas where they are absent. This is because its range overlaps that of the southern boobook owl, whose call is the more easily heard ‘mopoke,mopoke’. Required fields are marked *. Hassell (1975) describes a nocturnal jannock (demon spirit) known as Gnolum who frequents the forests in the lower southern part of Western Australia. See https://anthropologyfromtheshed.com/project/report-owl-stone-aboriginal-site-red-hill-northeast-perth/, The ‘owl stone’ (also known as ‘owl rock’) is a prominent standing stone that forms an important part of a larger ethno-archaeological complex of sites of significance in the Perth Hills that are under threat from hard-rock quarrying activities. "I'm Waa, the Australian raven," 12-year-old Thomas said. Another difference between owls and Frogmouths is that Frogmouths are masters of camouflage, with finely patterned feathers, who adopt a special ‘broken stick’ posture, where the Frogmouths close their eyes and point their heads up to the sky. Based on early ethno-historical accounts it would seem that owls and tawny frogmouths (and possibly other night birds as well) were considered youanitch (also rendered as wannaitch, winnaitch, wynitch, weinitch, depending on the recorder) and this view is still held by some Nyungar Elders even to this day. They are nocturnal (night) birds. In view of its onomatopoeic origins, it could easily originate from more than one Aboriginal language. We need you to learn all about a special bird called a 'Tawny Frogmouth' so you can help us solve a mystery! We were thrilled to receive a well-written story from our former superstar staff member, Tanya Loos, about the journey of a Tawny Frogmouth. Australia is the native home of the tawny frogmouth. Little brown or cuckoo owl.’ (Moore 1842: 33), ‘gurgurda – boobook owl’ (Serventy & Whittell 1948 in Bindon & Chadwick 1992:66). For this reason we have used the terms owl and mopoke rather loosely in this paper to accommodate these often vague references. They are silver-grey, slightly paler below, streaked and mottled with black and rufous. Each of these terms reflects the indigenous onomatopoeic representation of the bird’s familiar two-tonal call. Similarly, Gray (1987 in Bindon 1992) records youanitch as the name for owl. Tawny’s are weak in their feet and do not have the curved talons of owls. ‘In Nyungar Culture the Googoo or Boobook Owl is a frightening messenger of death. This paper is based on ethno-historical sources and contemporary information provided by Nyungar Elders between 1990 and 2010. MASTERS OF DISGUISE, with the deadliest of stares, the tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) is one of Australia’s most beloved birds.But because they’re most active at night, their unique behaviours are less obvious to us. A second plumage phase also occurs, with birds being russet-red. The association of owls with the supernatural is found throughout the world, including Asia. In recognizing the different phonetic renderings of the various Nyungar terms (and their derivatives) collected by the different recorders, it is worth noting that Drummond’s attempted pronunciation and spelling of Nyungar terms was undoubtedly heavily influenced by Scottish linguistic convention, just as the other language recorders were heavily constrained by their own respective ethno-linguistic backgrounds and orthographic traditions (see Macintyre and Dobson 2008). A member of the cubine [mopoke] totem. Heart burst moment! 2021 Woodland bird calendars – available now! One Nyungar Elder recounted a story (told to him when he was much younger) about an old Nyungar boylya man who lived in the Wheatbelt region, east of Perth: ‘He was a great doctor and could fix everyone but they were all terrified of him because he seemed to know everything they were doing and they believed that he turned into an owl at night and flew around to all the camps watching everything and making sure that no one broke the law.’. The bird i would like to know the various aboriginal names of is the Tawny Frogmouth. Before and after the 2019-20 fires: ALA data showcase, North Central CMA seeking local landholders for carbon projects. The call of the tawny frogmouth is a less distinct, low-pitched ‘oom oom oom oom ‘. Sometimes you need to question everything you believe, shake it up, determine your needs, wants and desires, and determine the needs and wants of the great spirit in order to understand your place in this world. Ogle (1839: 60) further notes that the Aborigines of the Perth and surrounding area ‘consider that the cry of the night-cuckoo portends death.’ Our research shows that the affix ‘mit’ means “agent’, hence googomit (“gogoo”, owl + “mit”, agent) may be translated as the owl being a much-feared ‘agent’ of sickness and death. Red badge of courage The Noongar say that in the Dreaming Chitty-Chitty the … The Marbled Frogmouth is the smallest frogmouth, much smaller and slimmer than the Tawny Frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) in NSW, with a length of 30-45 cm and a wingspan of 62-75 cm.The plumage varies from grey to rich brown or rufous-brown, delicately streaked and mottled with black and spotted or mottled with white, more heavily on the underbody. The ‘owl stone’ (also known as ‘owl rock’) is a prominent standing stone that forms an important part of a larger ethno-archaeological complex of sites of significance in the Perth Hills that are under threat from hard-rock quarrying activities. To contact Wildlife Victoria phone: (03) 8400 7300 – and they will refer you to one of the many local wildlife carers in our region. If we consider ornitho-taxonomy (how birds are classified) from an indigenous perspective rather than from a Western Linnaean perspective, it becomes apparent that the Nyungar system reflects a greater emphasis on practical as well as cultural and mythological considerations. Each clan family belonging to the group is responsible for the stewardship of their totem. A Tawny Frogmouth Owl Rescued on Fraser Island- Read his story. You must find it, kill it and burn it, but it’s hard to find because it is the same colour as the bark of the tree. Tawny Frogmouths are often confused with owls, but are actually more closely related to the nightjars. What she was in fact recording (most probably without realising it) was an emic descriptor signifying danger rather than the actual name of the bird. They are like a second self or spirit, and yet they are also externalized in the species, and may be exhibited in a tamed member of it. The general plumage of the Tawny Frogmouth is silver-grey, slightly paler below, streaked and mottled with black and rufous. Bin’nit and Mugga’go: The Story of the Ironbark and the Tawny Frogmouth ‘Binnit can always be seen sitting on Mugga’go’s shoulder, sound asleep, but ready to awaken at the approach of one who has evil in his heart…’ Bird featured: Tawny Frogmouth. A totem is a natural object, plant or animal that is inherited by members of a clan or family as their emblem. The usual calls of these birds are easily distinguished (the “oom-oom-oom” sound of the tawny frogmouth versus the go-go (or goo-goo) of the boobook owl). Bill's Birds 2:. Although von Brandenstein applies this ‘bark-cloak” descriptor to the Southern Boobook owl (Ninox boobook Latham 1801), it would also aptly describe the remarkable bark-like or tree limb-like camouflage of the tawny frogmouth (see Plates 4 and 5). In southwestern Australia it is commonly referred to as the boobook owl or kukumat (see Plates 1-3). Some of these include kokok in the Keramin and Yorta Yorta languages of Victoria and kwerrkwerrke ‘named for its call’ in the Eastern Arrernte language, Alice Springs (Thieberger and McGregor 1994, Brough Smyth 1878). It is often hard to distinguish in the stories whether it is an owl or a tawny frogmouth (or possibly even an owlet-nightjar or nightjar) that is being referred to. The Nyungar name for this owl derives from the root word gogo (gurgur, goorgoor) which is an onomatopoeic representation of the bird’s cuckoo-like night call. The name “gogo” (and its various renditions) is remarkably similar to the names recorded in other parts of Aboriginal Australia for the boobook (or mopoke). My totem is the Wedge Tail Eagle. https://anthropologyfromtheshed.com/project/report-owl-stone-aboriginal-site-red-hill-northeast-perth/, https://anthropologyfromtheshed.com/aboriginal-sites-are-an-important-part-of-the-heritage-of-the-whole-community/. When camping in the bush as kids, our parents were always terrified if they heard an owl at night. By adorning themselves with the soft primary wing feathers of the mopoke, it was believed that this enabled them to acquire the powerful qualities of this top predator bird including its strong, penetrating night vision and swiftness of flight and agility in catching victims unaware. The old people would want to kill it because they said if you don’t kill it first before it kills you, someone will die. It is an excerpt, with a few minor changes, from a larger report by Macintyre and Dobson (2009) focusing on the cultural significance of the “owl stone” megalith at Red Hill, north-east of Perth. It is easy to identify the typical sound of the frogmouth, a repetitive “oom-oom-oom” from the sound of the boobook, variously interpreted as googoo or kuku (Nyungar), buc-buc, boobook (Sydney Aboriginal groups) or mopoak (mopoke). Bin’nit and Mugga’go: The Story of the Ironbark and the Tawny Frogmouth ‘Binnit can always be seen sitting on Mugga’go’s shoulder, sound asleep, but ready to awaken at the approach of one who has evil in his heart…’ Bird featured: Tawny Frogmouth. The rescue and recovery of a little Tawny Frogmouth Owl…. Things can become complicated, however, when ornithologists such as Serventy and Whittell (1976) allude to the practice of bird mimicry and give the example of the tawny frogmouth imitating the mopok call of the boobook owl! They are silver-grey, slightly paler below, streaked and mottled with black and rufous. In Aboriginal Dreamtime, there are many stories about the Emu, such as how the Emu came to be, why they are flightless. Frogmouths have been around for a long time; genetic analysis suggests that the three genera within the frogmouth family diverged from one another between 30 and 40 million years ago. Von Brandenstein’s (1979) ‘bark-cloak’ translation could possibly call into question the popular notion of mopoke as an onomatopoeic term, if indeed it is a Nyungar term. Don’t get me wrong, owls are not all bad. Tawny frogmouth as a shadow aspect also challenges you to question your relationship to spirit in a provocative manner. The lace lizards and certain snakes are the commonest varieties of assistant totems. In a separate publication Hassell (1975: 65) describes gnolum as a “man”: ‘the form of a very tall, very thin man…[who] wore no garments of any kind but has his totem feathers stuck all over his head and they are those of the mopoke.’. "His eyes must have been bigger than its belly," Nicola said. These contrary views as to whether to kill the owl or not, may stem from a possible confusion between the different night birds being referred to or more likely (in our view) the views may simply represent two different indigenous ways of resolving the same problem – by either avoiding or killing the manifest agent of their fear. Tawny frogmouth View full screen Pause Play Found throughout Australia, the tawny frogmouth is often mistaken for an owl due to its wide, powerful beak, large head and nocturnal hunting habits. As one Elder commented: ‘We say that the bird calls its own name’. crow wagwag, whistling kite gornbun, brown falcon garrgany, grey falcon barnangga, finch nilngman, northern fantail (little wren) jerrjerrman, nankeen night heron bulagaw, tawny frogmouth (frogface) judiyina, barking owl (log owl)?? Tawny frogmouth has a communicative face and eyes, and so you may find that when you encounter tawny frogmouth in journeying (and to a lesser degree, visualisation), verbal dialogue is less important than visual cues. Mary’s mother died when Mary was 4 years old. It is unclear whether Bunbury is referring here to the tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) or the Southern Boobook (Ninox novaeseelandiae). Traditionally associated with the dark totem, the owl was believed to be a totemic familiar of the ‘boylya-man’ or sorcerer (”clever man”) and the darkness of night was perceived as a dangerous time when ghosts and supernatural spirits were ever-present. The real totemic names would have been kept secret and only used by the senior initiated custodians of that totem. This is an example of ‘good’ sorcery, whereas in most of the stories reported to us, the owl or mopoke was perceived as a destructive force or evil ‘spirit familiar’ of the sorcerer. Tawny Frogmouth nests are flimsy, and it has been suggested that chicks are quite likely to fall. Just outside the front door. South-eastern birds are larger than birds from the north. Her family’s totem is the Tawny Frogmouth owl, and her personal totem is the echidna. "We see tawny frogmouths around a fair bit. Tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) Found throughout Australia, the tawny frogmouth is often mistaken for an owl due to its wide, powerful beak, large head and nocturnal hunting habits. When they hear him they cover themselves as well as they can with their cloaks and crouch close to the fire, which they will on no account leave whilst their enemy is in the neighbourhood; but they will not for a moment scruple to eat him if they catch him by day.’ (Bunbury 1930: 76) (4).
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